Beltane (Bealtaine - Modern Irish) is mentioned in the earliest Irish literature and is associated with important events in Celtic mythology. Also known as Cétshamhain ('first of summer'), it marked the beginning of summer and was when cattle were driven out to the summer pastures. Rituals were performed to protect cattle, people and crops, and to encourage growth. Special bonfires were kindled, whose flames, smoke and ashes were deemed to have protective powers. Beltane is historically celebrated on the 1st of May.
